STL and Modern C++ Basics

The Standard Template Library provides ready-made containers and algorithms. Modern C++ also includes language features that make code shorter, clearer, and safer.

Using vector

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
    vector<int> numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
    numbers.push_back(6);

    for (int number : numbers)
    {
        cout << number << " ";
    }

    return 0;
}

Using auto

auto quantity = 10;       // int
auto price = 19.95;      // double
auto title = string("C++ Tutorial");

Prefer Clear and Safe Modern Code

• Use vector instead of manually managed dynamic arrays for most beginner tasks.
• Use range-based loops when you need each element.
• Use const when a value should not change.
• Use nullptr instead of older null-pointer constants.